S100蛋白水平联合Rotterdam-CT评分、GCS评分在TBI病情和预后不良评估中的价值

目的 探讨S100蛋白(S100 protein,S100)水平联合Rotterdam计算机X线断层扫描(Computed tomography,CT)评分、格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)在创伤性颅脑损伤(Traumatic brain injury,TBI)病情和预后不良评估中的价值。方法 回顾性分析106例TBI患者的临床资料,比较不同病情TBI患者血清S100水平、Rotterdam-CT评分,分析血清S100水平与Rotterdam-CT评分、GCS评分的相关性; 根据患者预后情况分为预后良好组和预后不良组,比较2组性别、年龄、血清S100水平、Rotterdam-CT评分、GCS评分等临床资料,多因素logistic回归分析TBI患者预后不良的相关因素; 分析S100蛋白水平、GCS评分、Rotterdam-CT评分及三者联合应用对TBI患者预后不良的预测价值。结果 轻度组、中度组、重度组血清S100水平、Rotterdam-CT评分逐渐增高(P<0.01),TBI患者血清S100水平与GCS评分(r=0.396,P=0.001)、Rotterdam-CT评分(r=0.289,P=0.002)均呈正相关; 2组血氧饱和度、GCS评分、呼吸频率、Rotterdam-CT评分、S100蛋白水平、入院时昏迷占比等指标有明显差异(P<0.05或P<0.01); 多因素logistic回归分析显示呼吸频率、血氧饱和度、入院时昏迷占比、GCS评分、Rotterdam-CT评分、S100蛋白水平均为TBI患者预后不良的相关危险因素; 受试者工作特征曲线(Receiver operator characteristic curve,ROC)显示S100蛋白水平、GCS评分、Rotterdam-CT评分对TBI患者预后不良均有一定的预测价值,三项指标联合应用曲线下面积(Area of the under curve,AUC)值大于各单项指标预测。结论 S100蛋白水平、GCS评分、Rotterdam-CT评分是TBI患者预后不良的相关危险因素,S100蛋白水平联合GCS评分、Rotterdam-CT评分在TBI患者预后不良评估中具有较高的临床价值。     

重点肋骨内固定联合机械通气治疗连枷胸伴创伤性湿肺临床疗效

目的分析重点肋骨内固定联合机械通气治疗连枷胸伴创伤性湿肺的临床效果。 方法选取2014年1月至2015年10月江苏省新沂市人民医院胸心外科收治的连枷胸伴创伤性湿肺患者50例作为研究对象，其中男性35例，女性15例；年龄20~68岁，平均(43.40±2.40)岁。所有患者行重点肋骨内固定术并联合机械通气治疗，术后对比患者治疗前后动脉血气指标变化情况，并详细评估患者治疗前后疼痛和呼吸改善情况。 结果术后患者心率(P)、呼吸频率(RR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)等体征指标及二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)、动脉血氧分压(PaO₂)、酸碱度(PH)等动脉血气指标均优于术前(P<0.05)；术后所有患者经CT三维成像复查无二次撕裂或移动松脱并发症发生，内固定均牢固。术后疼痛评分及呼吸困难均明显改善。 结论重点肋骨内固定术联合机械通气治疗可改善患者的呼吸循环状况，加速促进患者的康复，值得临床推广使用。     

高渗盐水联合依达拉奉治疗外伤性脑水肿的疗效及对患者神经功能的影响

目的探讨高渗盐水联合依达拉奉治疗外伤性脑水肿的疗效及对患者神经功能的影响。方法选取我科收治的90例外伤性脑水肿患者为研究对象,随机分为2组各45例。常规治疗基础上,对照组给予高渗盐水治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合应用依达拉奉治疗。采用脑卒中神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)评定神经功能。比较2组治疗后脑水肿体积、神经功能、氧自由基指标水平及不良反应发生情况。结果与对照组相比,观察组治疗后3d、7d和14d时脑水肿体积显著缩小,治疗后7d、14dNIHSS评分显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。氧自由基指标方面,与对照组相比,观察组治疗后NO、LPO水平显著降低,SOD水平显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗过程中,2组均未出现严重不良反应。结论高渗盐水联合依达拉奉治疗外伤性脑水肿疗效可靠,能够显著缩小脑水肿体积,减轻神经功能损害,降低体内氧自由基水平,且不良反应少,临床上值得进一步研究。     

Problem alcohol use in veterans with mild traumatic brain injury: Associations with cognitive performance and psychiatric symptoms

Introduction: Given that little is known about the associations between alcohol use, cognition, and psychiatric symptoms among veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), we aimed to (a) characterize how they differ from veteran controls on a measure of problem drinking; (b) investigate whether problem drinking is associated with demographic or mTBI characteristics; and (c) examine the associations between alcohol use, mTBI history, psychiatric functioning, and cognition. Method: We assessed 59 veterans (n = 32 with mTBI history; n = 27 military controls) for problem alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: AUDIT), psychiatric symptoms, and neuropsychological functioning. Results: Compared to controls, veterans with mTBI history were more likely to score above the AUDIT cutoff score of 8 (p = .016), suggesting a higher rate of problem drinking. Participants with mTBI history also showed elevated psychiatric symptoms (ps < .001) and lower cognitive scores (ps < .05 to < .001). Veterans with higher AUDIT scores were younger (p = .05) and had less education (p < .01) and more psychiatric symptoms (ps < .01), but mTBI characteristics did not differ. After controlling for combat and mTBI history (R² = .04, ns) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (ΔR² = .08, p = .05), we found that higher AUDIT scores were associated with poorer attention/processing speed, F(9, 37) = 2.55, p = .022; ΔR² = .26, p = .03. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggested that veterans with mTBI history may be at increased risk for problem drinking. Problem alcohol use was primarily associated with more severe PTSD symptoms and poorer attention/processing speed, though not with combat or mTBI characteristics per se. Importantly, findings emphasize the importance of assessing for and treating problematic alcohol use and comorbid psychiatric symptoms among veterans, including those with a history of neurotrauma.     

功能训练联合针刺对颅脑外伤吞咽困难的观察及护理

目的：评价颅脑外伤吞咽困难有效的治疗方法。方法将40例患者分为对照组20例，给予吞咽困难恢复训练，观察组20例在对照组的基础上行针刺治疗。采用洼田氏饮水试验评分比较两组疗效。结果观察组治疗后1、2疗程疗效优于对照组（ P＜0．05，P＜0．01）。结论功能恢复训练及针刺对颅脑外伤吞咽困难患者有显著的治疗效果。     

Axonal fusion via conduit-based delivery of hydrophilic polymers

Background

Hydrophilic polymers have been shown to improve physiologic recovery following repair of transected nerves with microsutures. Our study was designed to combine hydrophilic polymer therapy with nerve tubes (NT) to enhance polymer delivery to the site of nerve injury.

Methods

Using a rat sciatic nerve injury model, a single transection injury was repaired in an end-to-end fashion with NT + polyethylene glycol (PEG) to NT alone. Compound action potentials (CAPs) were recorded before nerve transection and after repair. Behavioral testing was performed for 5 weeks.

Results

PEG therapy restored CAPS in all, but one, animals, while no CAPS were recorded in animals not receiving PEG. Behavioral nerve function was measured using the standardized functional assessment technique and foot fault asymmetry scores (FF). FF scores were improved for the PEG therapy groups on postoperative days 7, 14, and 21. However, after expected eventual axonal outgrowth, the benefit was less noticeable at days 28 and 35. Immunohistochemistry of the distal axon segments showed an increase number of sensory and motor axons in the NT + PEG group as compared to NT alone.

Conclusion

These data suggest that PEG delivery via a conduit may provide a simple, effective way to fuse severed axons and regain early nerve function. For proximal nerve injuries in large animals, recovery of axonal continuity could dramatically improve outcomes, even if fusion only occurs in a small percentage of axons.     

负压封闭引流联合开放性植骨术或骨搬移术治疗胫骨创伤性骨髓炎

目的：探讨负压封闭引流（VSD）联合开放性植骨术或骨搬移术治疗胫骨创伤性骨髓炎伴有皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2013年6月24例胫骨创伤性骨髓炎患者的临床资料,其中男16例,女8例,年龄22～61岁,平均41．5岁。术前行创面细菌培养和药敏试验、X线及三维C T重建检查。清创后胫骨缺损长度为2～9 cm ,平均（5．96±2．14）cm ,创伤面积为3 cm ×3 cm～9 cm ×7 cm ,平均（25．63±17．44）cm2。对5例骨缺损≤4 cm的患者进行清创、VSD、开放性植骨术,对19例骨缺损＞4 cm的患者进行清创、VSD、骨搬移术。结果所有患者随访10～18个月,平均13．3个月。抗生素使用5～14 d ,平均7．9 d ,VSD治疗0～10次,平均2．9次。19例患者骨端自然愈合,愈合时间4～15个月,平均6．4个月,5例患者在骨搬移术后出现骨不连,经骨端嵌顿皮肤及软组织清理、骨髓腔打通、自体髂骨植骨及VSD后达到骨端愈合。2例患者治疗期间出现钉道感染,经抗生素治疗后感染控制,其余患者无感染复发。开放性植骨术或骨搬移术后1、2个月随访显示软组织缺损面积均较清创术后显著改善,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;根据 Paley 骨折愈合评分标准优19例,良3例,中2例,差0例,总优良率为91．6％。结论 VSD联合开放性植骨术或骨搬移术是治疗胫骨创伤性骨髓炎伴有皮肤软组织缺损的有效方法。